What are the criteria and causes for low voltage on a 12-lead ECG?
Definition:
Total QRS height in precordial leads <10 mm and limb leads <5 mm
Etiology:
- Myocardial disease
- ischemia
- infiltrative (e.g. amyloidosis)
- dilated cardiomyopathy
- myocarditis
- Pericardial effusion
- Thick chest wall / barrel chest: COPD, obesity
- Generalized edema
- Hypothyroidism/myxedema
- Inappropriate voltage standardization
