A 40 year-old man, Maurice LeBlanc, has his lipids checked for the first time. He has no significant past medical history, but a positive family history of early CAD.
| LDL-cholesterol | 6.8 mmol/L |
| Total cholesterol | 8.8 mmol/L |
| Triglycerides | 1.1 mmol/L |
| HDL-cholesterol | 1.5 mmol/L |
What is the lipid abnormality?
Elevated LDL cholesterol.
List three physical (non-vascular) signs that should be looked for.
- Arcus (circus) cornealis
- Xanthelasmata
- Tendinous xanthomata
(NOT eruptive xanthoma, nor lipemia retinalis which are seen with high triglycerides)
List 3 potential primary causes and 3 secondary causes for this lipid abnormality.
Primary:
- Polygenic hypercholesterolemia
- Familial hypercholesterolemia
- Familial combined hyperlipidemia
Secondary:
- Hypothyroidism
- Biliary cirrhosis
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Anorexia nervosa
- Drugs:
- carbamazepine
- cyclosporine
