GIM Question 19 Instructor

Interpret the following acid/base disorders, and provide a differential diagnosis for each case.

1. pC0₂ 25, pO₂ 80, pH 7.50, HCO₃ 18
   
   Acute Respiratory alkalosis
   Differential diagnosis includes (think conditions that cause hyperventilation):
   • Sepsis
   • ASA overdose
   • Theophylline toxicity
   • Asthma exacerbation
   • Tachyarrhythmia
   • Angina/MI
   • Hyperthyroidism
   • Panic disorder
   • Pneumonia
   • Pneumothorax
   • Congestive heart disease
   • Pulmonary embolism
   • Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
2. pCO₂ 34, pO₂ 80, pH 7.25, HCO₃ 16
   
   Metabolic acidosis
   Differential diagnosis includes:
   • Anion-gap metabolic acidosis
     • Lactic acidosis
     • Ketoacidosis
     • Methanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol
     • ASA overdose
     • Advanced renal failure
   • Non anion-gap metabolic acidosis
     • Diarrhea
     • Renal tubular acidosis