Hematology Question 1 Instructor

Question: traditionally the pathogenesis of thrombosis is based upon Virchow’s Triad: stasis, hypercoagulability and endothelial injury. What are the most common risk factors for venous thromboembolism?

Risk factors for VTE are predicated on Virchow’s Triad and include but are not limited to:

1. INHERITED THBOMBOPHILIAs
   1. Factor V Leiden Mutation
   2. Prothrombin Gene Mutation
   3. Protein S deficiency
   4. Protein C deficiency
   5. Anti-thrombin Deficiency
2. Malignancy and myeloproliferative neoplasms
3. Prolonged Immobilization (surgery, trauma)
4. Venous catheters
5. Medications (OCPs, HRT, anti-neoplastic agents)
6. Anti-phospholipid antibodies
7. Pregnancy
8. Nephrotic Syndrome
9. Inflammatory Bowel disease
10. Rare: Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

Lijfering WM, Rosendaal FR, Cannegieter SC. Risk factors for venous thrombosis – current understanding from an epidemiological point of view. Br J Haematol 2010; 149:824.